A pandemic of respiratory disease spreading from person-to-person is caused by a novel (new) coronavirus. The disease has been named "coronavirus disease 2019" (abbreviated "COVID-19"). This situation is posing a serious public health risk. COVID-19 can cause mild to severe illness; most severe illness occurs in older adults. Coronaviruses, named for the crown-like spikes on their surface (Latin: corona = crown), are positive-sense RNA viruses that belong to the Coronaviridae subfamily, in the Coronaviridae family. They have four main sub groups-alpha, beta, gamma and delta-based on their genomic structure. Alpha-and beta coronaviruses infect only mammals, usually causing respiratory symptoms in humans and gastroenteritis in other animals. Until December of 2019, only six different coronaviruses were known to infect humans. Four of these (HCoV-NL63, HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43 and HKU1) usually caused mild common cold-type symptoms in immune competent people and the other two have caused pandemics in the past two decades. In 2002-2003, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) caused a SARS epidemic that resulted in a 10% mortality. The Director-General, WHO has declared that the outbreak of 2019-nCoV constitutes a Procedures concerning Public Health Emergencies of International Concern (PHEIC). The COVID-19 viral disease has been officially declared as a pandemic by World Health Organization.